A Historical Perspective And Classification Of Obpp

Introduction A historical perspective and classification of OBPP was first described by the Scottish obstetrician William Smellie in an article for midwives in 1764 [1] He documented the observation of resolution of bilateral upper extremity paralysis in a child with face presentation at birth. Danyau performed an autopsy of a newborn with brachial plexus palsy in 1851, providing the first anatomic description of this lesion.[2] but classic description of shoulder paralysis, internal rotation contracture and waiter’s tip deformity was given by Erb in 1874 as cited by Gilbert A et al. [3,4]. Duchenne and Balliere and Erb described cases of upper trunk nerve injury, attributing the findings to traction on the upper trunk, now called Erb’s palsy (or Duchenne-Erb’s palsy).[5] In 1885, the French neurologist Augusta Klumpke [6] described the clinical picture of OBPP affecting the lower plexus trunk at C8-Th1, leading to paralysis of the muscles of the hand and ipsilateral pupillar y dilatation, called Horners sign. Therefore, OBPP affecting the lower trunk is often referred to as Klumpkes palsy. OBPP diagnosed at birth is defined into three groups in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases : †¢ P 14.0 Erbs palsy caused by injury at delivery †¢ P 14.1 Klumpkes palsy caused by injury at delivery †¢ P 14.3 Other injury of the brachial plexus at delivery P 14.0 and P 14.1 are the most common diagnoses. P 14.3 is rarely used and seems to be applied in cases with

Bullying A Common Image Of Bullying - 1397 Words

Grace Kim Professor Lore English 1A 28 October 2015 Bullying Growing up I have always been the easy target to be picked on. I remember times in middle school where I would just cry myself to sleep because girls that I called my friends would pick on me. After growing some confidence I realized no one should ever have to feel less than what they are. Bullying is everywhere we go and I have no idea why it is constantly going around. Even today it is hard to go on without getting small forms of bullying. Bullying is a behavior that happens throughout each and every person’s lifetime, whether it be as the victim, the bully, or the bystander. A common image of bullying might be physical: an intimidating boy beating up a smaller child during recess for his lunch money, or verbal which can be as simple as name calling. Bullying is not healthy regardless of what form it happening. Many children do not realize that bullying can really affect someone’s life and they way someone views himself. Besides being emotionally hurt, the big issue with bullying is that people are bullying until the point in which the victim considers suicide as a solution. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among our youth. Over fourteen percent of high school students have considered suicide, and almost seven percent have attempted it. Someone’s life is irreplaceable, but we can take preventative measures and lower bullying rates by bringing it to the youth s attention. If we do notSho w MoreRelatedCyber Bullying : Bullying And Bullying1290 Words   |  6 PagesModern Literature 5 May 2014 Bullying Bullying is like a disease, it stays within the schools, and community and people are trying to stop it. It destroys the victims that get bullied. Bullying has always been around and there are people trying to prevent it from happening. Bullying is being prevented by clubs and by people taking action. Bullying damages the victims and the computers can cause cyber-bullying also the victims have problems after being bullied. Cyber bullying and it keeps people hookedRead MoreCyber Bullying : A Deep Seated Psychological Problem1359 Words   |  6 Pages Cyber Bullying Introduction Cyber bullying among teen occur when the teenagers harms or harass their peers over the information technology network. Cyber refers to any form of information technology and is not limited to social networks such as Facebook, blogs, twitter, SMS. It is important to note that an action can only be considered as bullying if it is repeated and conducted deliberatelyRead MoreBully Report Bshs 325861 Words   |  4 Pagesand Development BSHS/325 August 11, 2014 Erick Lear Bully Report Bullying is a situation where one person abuses power over another. Bullying is about power, control and abuse. Bully’s come in all shapes, sizes and forms. Bullying occurs throughout a human’s life span. The most-critical development stage of one’s personality is adolescence. Bullying during adolescence has been a major issue in every community. Bullying can happen in three known forms; direct, indirect, and cyber. Both genderRead MoreJust As The Hands Of A Clock Are Constantly Moving, Time1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthe one interaction has remained relatively the same throughout: bullying. Bullying, a negative interaction, has produced many statistics. In other words, bullying has made its mark in who the common bullies are, who are the typical victims of bullying, the repercussions of bullying, and ways in which bullying is linked to social and individual problems such as depression, anxiety, and violent tendencies. Common Links Across Bullying Societal context has provided an environment in which at some pointRead MoreShould I Drink This Beer? Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagestrying to influence you to do something in either a good or bad way. 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Bullying has always been an issue in childhood and high school, but it isn t until this decade that the spotlight has really focused on the damage it produces in a child s life. In the past, adults just thought bullying was an innocent way kids expressed their feelings but now we have seen the true darkness in this problem. In 2007, almost a third of kids inRead MoreBullying Is A Massive Issue Around The World Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesBullying essay for US 22750 Bullying is a massive issues around the world. In our communities and especially in our schools. As a community we need to understand the meaning of bullying, what is the definition of bullying? The different types of bullying, understanding exactly what action causes bullying to be defined as bullying. Understanding the concept of bullying is important to try and understand what the victims had to endure and struggle through and the consequences of being bullied. BecauseRead MoreWhy Bullying Is Bad Or Bad?1391 Words   |  6 Pageslike having the power that bullying has on others. Not only does bullying affect many throughout the world, but there is many different types of bullying that affect many people. There are commonly four different types of bullying. These include physical bullying, in which is when one hits, punches, kicks, or pinches another person. Also there is verbal bullying, that is when any type of rude remark is made upon another. Another type of bullying is social bullying, in which it results to one trying

The new Nurse Educator

Question: Discuss why you believe the chosen nursing theorist provides inspiration and how he/she will influence your nursing practice? Answer: Caring is the important and central aspect of nursing. Caring is a concept about moral idea rather than a job oriented task, especially in nursing (Watson 1996). Caring in nursing is caritas process which delineates the domain of nursing practice. A nurse is person who dedicates his/her life for serving of humanity. A famous phrase of Watson about caring influences me to perform the role of a nurse. It states about caring acknowledges as the peak form of commitment, to self, to society, to others and to environment. The caring environment that a nurse creates by his/ her love and dedication allow the clients to nourish in that environment happily. Being a nurse, happiness of a patient is the main concern. It gives them mental pleasure and encourages them to perform their role with more dedication and indomitable spirit. Apart from that other reasons which influence me are as follows. Nursing involves transpersonal caring which an intersubjective human to human relation. Here the transpersonal relationship exists between nurses and their patients. In this relationship utmost concern should taken for maintaining human dignity and preservation of humanity (Watson, 1998). By maintaining this kind of relation between a patient and a nurse there will be less chances of an ego clash. There is always a scope of teaching- learning experience. It teaches us to think critically, decrease errors in clinical judgement and improve clinical system. A nurse teaches us how to perform a duty without thinking of personal benefit (Hunt, 2013). Nurses always try to create a positive and vibrant environment always being supportive. The chances of healing a patient in this environment is more because patients are mentally very much content in that environment (Brown, Bishop Bar, 2013). They assist at most of their capability to fulfil the basic need of their patients. By fulfilling their needs nurses help those to reach a state where mind-body-spirit of a patient are in rest not in physically but mentally. Mental peace is very much needed for physical healing. All above factors leads me to take this novel work as my profession. References Brown, C., Bishop, M., Bar, B. (2013). Creating and Sustaining Peace Within for the Journey of Nursing Leadership. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 37(4), E1-E7. doi:10.1097/01.naq.0000434947.57388.b3 Hunt, D. (2013). The new nurse educator. New York: Springer Pub. Co.

Simple Interest Essay Example

Simple Interest Essay Discuss what simple interest is and how it is calculated. In your discussion examine the reasons for using simple interest.Simple interest is an example of arithmetic growth. In case of simple interest, the amount of interest generated is constant and is based on only the starting amount. The total amount of interest depends on the interest rate, the amount of money borrowed (principal) and the time period for which the money is borrowed. Simple interest is generally charged for borrowing money for short periods (normally used for a single period of less than a year), such as 30 or 60 days. Below is the formula for calculating simple interest is given:Simple Interest = P * R * NWhere,P = Principal (original amount borrowed or loaned)R = Interest rate for one periodN = Number of periods (usually number of years)Here one thing is important that if the Interest rate is given in percentage (%), than it should be divided by 100 and if the time period is given in month than it should be di vided by 12 as a year contains 12 months.The total amount (future value or maturity value) A will be equal to sum of principle and interest.A = P + SIA = P + P * R * NA = P (1+R*N)Suppose one borrows $1,000 for 2 years at 6% simple annual interest.Simple Interest = P * R * N= $ 1000 * 0.06 * 2= $ 120Therefore, the total amount that will be paid after 2 years will be $ 1000+ $120 = $1120.Reference:http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/mathsI/number_gen/interest_rev1.shtml accessed on 9 March 2007.

Civil Rights Essays (4693 words) - , Term Papers

Civil Rights Civil Rights Movement in the United States, political, legal, and social struggle by black Americans to gain full citizenship rights and to achieve racial equality. The civil rights movement was first and foremost a challenge to segregation, the system of laws and customs separating blacks and whites that whites used to control blacks after slavery was abolished in the 1860s. During the civil rights movement, individuals and civil rights organizations challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregation laws. Many believe that the movement began with the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, though there is debate about when it began and whether it has ended yet. The civil rights movement has also been called the Black Freedom Movement, the Negro Revolution, and the Second Reconstruction. Segregation Segregation was an attempt by white Southerners to separate the races in every sphere of life and to achieve supremacy over blacks. Segregation was often called the Jim Crow system, after a minstrel show character from the 1830s who was an old, crippled, black slave who embodied negative stereotypes of blacks. Segregation became common in Southern states following the end of Reconstruction in 1877. During Reconstruction, which followed the Civil War (1861-1865), Republican governments in the Southern states were run by blacks, Northerners, and some sympathetic Southerners. The Reconstruction governments had passed laws opening up economic and political opportunities for blacks. By 1877 the Democratic Party had gained control of government in the Southern states, and these Southern Democrats wanted to reverse black advances made during Reconstruction. To that end, they began to pass local and state laws that specified certain places For Whites Only and others for Colored. Blacks had separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks, many of which were poorly funded and inferior to those of whites. Over the next 75 years, Jim Crow signs went up to separate the races in every possible place. The system of segregation also included the denial of voting rights, known as disfranchisement. Between 1890 and 1910 all Southern states passed laws imposing requirements for voting that were used to prevent blacks from voting, in spite of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which had been designed to protect black voting rights. These requirements included: the ability to read and write, which disqualified the many blacks who had not had access to education; property ownership, something few blacks were able to acquire; and paying a poll tax, which was too great a burden on most Southern blacks, who were very poor. As a final insult, the few blacks who made it over all these hurdles could not vote in the Democratic primaries that chose the candidates because they were open only to whites in most Southern states. Because blacks could not vote, they were virtually powerless to prevent whites from segregating all aspects of Southern life. They could do little to stop discrimination in public accommodations, education, economic opportunities, or housing. The ability to struggle for equality was even undermined by the prevalent Jim Crow signs, which constantly reminded blacks of their inferior status in Southern society. Segregation was an all encompassing system. Conditions for blacks in Northern states were somewhat better, though up to 1910 only about 10 percent of blacks lived in the North, and prior to World War II (1939-1945), very few blacks lived in the West. Blacks were usually free to vote in the North, but there were so few blacks that their voices were barely heard. Segregated facilities were not as common in the North, but blacks were usually denied entrance to the best hotels and restaurants. Schools in New England were usually integrated, but those in the Midwest generally were not. Perhaps the most difficult part of Northern life was the intense economic discrimination against blacks. They had to compete with large numbers of recent European immigrants for job opportunities and almost always lost. Early Black Resistance to Segregation Blacks fought against discrimination whenever possible. In the late 1800s blacks sued in court to stop separate seating in railroad cars, states' disfranchisement of voters, and denial of access to schools and restaurants. One

One of the most difficult words to translate... - Krystian Aparta Essa

One of the most difficult words to translate... - Krystian Aparta Essa Which is the hardest word to translate in this sentence? "Know" is easy to translate. "Pep rally" doesn't have a direct analog in a lot of languages and cultures, but can be approximated. But the hardest word there is actually one of the smallest: "you." As simple as it seems, it's often impossible to accurately translate "you" without knowing a lot more about the situation where it's being said. To start with, how familiar are you with the person you're talking to? Many cultures have different levels of formality. A close friend, someone much older or much younger, a stranger, a boss. These all may be slightly different "you's." In many languages, the pronoun reflects these differences through what's known as the T-V distinction. In French, for example, you would say "tu" when talking to your friend at school, but "vous" when addressing your teacher. Even English once had something similar. Remember the old-timey "thou?" Ironically, it was actually the informal pronoun for people you're close with, while "you" was the formal and polite version. That distinction was lost when the English decided to just be polite all the time. But the difficulty in translating "you" doesn't end there. In languages like Hausa or Korana, the "you" form depends on the listener's gender. In many more, it depends on whether they are one or many, such as with German "Du" or "ihr." Even in English, some dialects use words like "y'all" or "youse" the same way. Some plural forms, like the French "vous" and Russian "" are also used for a single person to show that the addressee is that much more important, much like the royal "we." And a few languages even have a specific form for addressing exactly two people, like Slovenian "vidva." If that wasn't complicated enough, formality, number, and gender can all come into play at the same time. In Spanish, "tu" is unisex informal singular, "usted" is unisex formal singular, "vosotros" is masculine informal plural, "vosotras" is feminine informal plural, and "ustedes" is the unisex formal plural. Phew! After all that, it may come as a relief that some languages often leave out the second person pronoun. In languages like Romanian and Portuguese, the pronoun can be dropped from sentences because it's clearly implied by the way the verbs are conjugated. And in languages like Korean, Thai, and Chinese, pronouns can be dropped without any grammatical hints. Speakers often would rather have the listener guess the pronoun from context than use the wrong one and risk being seen as rude. So if you're ever working as a translator and come across this sentence without any context: "You and you, no, not you, you, your job is to translate 'you' for yourselves" ... Well, good luck. And to the volunteer community who will be translating this video into multiple languages: Sorry about that!

Why do oil prices keep falling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why do oil prices keep falling - Essay Example The reason is to avoid a reduction in production by OPEC countries is putting pressure on the increasing US shale oil and gas industry and avoid a negative impact on the economies of these countries (Bowler, 1). Other reasons that can explain the fall in oil prices include increased efficiency in oil use and increased use of other fuels other than oil decreasing total demand for oil. Oil prices have impacts on US with the fall in oil prices resulting in the curbing of the US franchise shale oil production that has high production costs and its success was anchored on the high oil prices. The falling oil prices have direct boosts on consumption resulting in the stimulation of the economy to effect high growth. However, the effect on oil producers is delayed resulting in the negative effect on the economy after some time. The negative effects of the lower oil prices on the producers are a fall in profits, investments, tax payments, and hiring and the dividend payments will be lower. The overall influence of the fall in oil prices is increased economic growth in the short run owing to the direct benefits to the consumers but the eventual effect will reduce the growth of the economy from the effect on the producers, government, shareholders, among other